Kant on Will Essay Example for Free

Kant on Will Essay Kant’s contention that a carry on of obligation can not be in strife with itself or with some other will carrying on of obligation gets from the idea he advances of the inner rule. A will can't strife itself on the off chance that it decides itself from the earlier. By deciding its ethics before the advantage of understanding, it decides itself just that it exists for what it's worth. Instinctively, anything unadulterated can't strife with itself similarly as the possibility of good can't struggle with itself and be some way or another halfway awful (437). Subsequently by essentially being, with no other impact deciding it, the will is an end in itself (437). A will carrying on of obligation, or at the end of the day on its own inside standards, can not struggle with another will just in light of the fact that it doesn't rely upon the other will. So as to strife, something must initially associate. What's more, on the off chance that two wills are acting as per obligation, at that point they each perceive each other as an end in itself, and along these lines don't cooperate fair and square of profound quality (438). Similarly as an independent town without any streets prompting or from can not struggle with another town basically in light of the fact that it needs not and can't associate, an independent will, and in this manner decided with no outer impact, can likewise not strife with anther will carrying on of obligation. However on the off chance that something isn't independent, it requires another article to satisfy its finishes. Similarly as with the town, on the off chance that it needs to vanquish a neighboring village’s farmland so as to take care of itself, strife emerges. Also, should a won't be resolved from the earlier, yet rather dependent on outside conditions, at that point a will must utilize another will to satisfy its needs, and accordingly would struggle with the self-sufficiency of the subsequent will.

Gender Barriers in Sports free essay sample

It is clear there are strides being taken towards fairness in women’s sports, from Billy Jean King beating Bobby Rigs in the â€Å"Battle of the Sexes† to the arrangement known as Title IX. Consistently we as a general public make endeavors to close the hole between sexual orientations. We realize sexual orientation positively plays a job in human instinct, society, and even games. In any case, the two sexual orientations, male female, despite everything face overpowering obstructions when attempting to break into a game that isn't â€Å"known â€Å" or â€Å"proper† for that particular sex to be taking an interest in. Sexual orientation hindrances are surely existent in today’s sports culture, for example, â€Å"Women’s-just events† or â€Å"Men-just event† in the Olympics shows predisposition towards a particular sex job. In our society’s culture we comply with these conventional thoughts, where ladies play the more â€Å"graceful† sports while men then again seek after the more â€Å"masculine† exercises. We will compose a custom paper test on Sex Barriers in Sports or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A model, for what reason do we partner ladies with figure skating and synchronized swimming? Where men partake in the more ruthless, physical games like boxing and wrestling? Might it be able to be from an assumption, take for instance the â€Å"Hunter and Gatherer†? To myself, I accept it’s just a socially developed thought this is the means by which and what sexes â€Å"do†. Like Judith Lorber expressed in our perusing â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender† everybody is simply â€Å"doing gender†. Tolerating these jobs that our way of life and society has put on us, however this ought not be the situation. It ought to be founded on athletic capacities instead of just sex. Sexual orientation obstructions emerge numerous inquiries in different customary games too. Naming, both of people due to the game in which they wish to take part in. A game that may be â€Å"designated† towards a specific sexual orientation, this disheartens competitors, male and female, from breaking however these obstructions that have been set (Flanagan. 2008). A model is homophobia, being named as a gay, due to the game you decide to play. For example, the documentation of a ladies playing a physical game or a man figure skating both would be investigated by his companions on account of this thought of â€Å"gender roles†. Again back to my unique articulation it ought to be founded on athletic capacities everything else aside. An incredible case of this was this past weekend’s news in sports about Michael Sam, a previous All-American protective end on the football crew. He conceded on Sunday in a meeting as a gay male, he would be the primary open male in the National Football League. Breaking that sexuality hindrance on April second on the off chance that he gets drafted, would be mind blowing, something very few individuals would have the option to do. It would influence the sexual orientation obstruction individuals could identify with what Michael had done. Sex boundaries are persisted from sports and into the work environment; I accept they are straightforwardly associated. All through time these two thoughts appear to mirror the idea of different, ladies have become an increasingly unmistakable power in the work environment and simultaneously have had the option to close the hole for sexual orientation obstructions in sports also. Be that as it may, ladies despite everything are not monetarily tantamount to men’s games. The quantity of ladies playing sports has extraordinarily expanded throughout the years, particularly with Title IX becoming an integral factor. However, monetarily it is as yet not equivalent, much the same as in the workforce; ladies are not paid as equivalent as men. Taking everything into account sex boundaries are a socially developed thought that someone in particular, in light of their sex or sexuality can't take an interest in a game. Back to Billy Jean, she demonstrated the world ladies could rival men, she indicated the world ability ought to be founded on athletic capacity not ones sexual orientation.

Step by Step Guide on How to Write a Cause And Effect Essay

Step by Step Guide on How to Write a Cause And Effect Essay Essay writing is always a time consuming and overwhelming task for the students. Here we have provided the step by step guide on how to write a cause and effect essay. lets get started:- How to write a cause and effect essay Summary How to write a cause and effect essayPurpose of Cause and Effect in WritingStructure of a Cause and Effect EssayWriting a Cause and Effect EssayParts of the Cause and Effect EssayIntroduction partBody partConclusion partSteps of how to write a Cause and Effect EssayStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Conclusion It is an academic paper that examines the condition and explores causes or effects. This paper is concerned with certain things or tasks. What are the consequences of jobs and typical ways to organize ideas? The essay outlines how reason leads to effects and claim with research. Logical explanation tasks and reaction fit together and will have a reliable essay. Purpose of Cause and Effect in Writing A cause has processed a situation. What the main result from tasks or situations. Sometimes connect between cause and consequence is perfect, and the exact analysis connection. Analysis number of objects are possible and complicated issues, and these have probable causes that can have shared to causes sickness. Causes may be responsible for the provided effects. Effects are complex and regularly leading primary debates. Structure of a Cause and Effect Essay The cause and effect open within general introduction topic, leads thesis states and primary cause, main results, many reasons, and consequences of tasks. Clarifying difficult relations needs full usage of a sign like technical research and statistics and anecdotes. The cause and effect essay planned in two fundamental techniques. Start with effect and talk about causes.Start with cause and talk regarding the effect. Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Select tasks or conditions you reflect has a compelling cause and effect affiliation. Choose an event or situation in engaging ways. Manage your essay by initial within either cause then affect the organization. You should discuss and help to causes and effects using the full range of evidence if you need to write many causes or many things. You might select a sequence of terms of order importance. Use phrases of action trying to forge amongst too many tasks and conditions. It would be managing ideas and essays with a conclusion to review the key points and reinforces the thesis statement. Parts of the Cause and Effect Essay Three central part of cause and effect essay: Introduction part The main thing a student should worry about how to write an effect essay introduction. You should share background information and target the main concepts. People decide by books cover, and teachers prefer original reading papers with great opening lines. Body part The body is presented with the main essay by providing primary evidence. Your paper makes sure for main points and has single topics. It would expand on the cause of the main subjective effects. In the body part, you should write the main detailed about topics. You can write more information on the body part. Conclusion part It should one paragraph concisely restates the main point’s argument of the essay. The main idea of the essay has intended to show or prove. Steps of how to write a Cause and Effect Essay Step 1 First, you need to pick up sufficient cause and effects topics.You need to choose a good topic for the essay.The subject should have a chain event and a starting point and endpoint.A social movement is the best topic, as well.Civil Rights movement or women, Protestants have causes and effects. Step 2 You analysis the topic and begin researching it.Go to Wikipedia and progress appreciative of the subject.You will increase research beyond Wikipedia to write a decent essay. Step 3 Writing though you search will help to put thoughts.Your writing does not have perfect, and you need more exercising skills points.The thought is to begin to put words on paper.More information obtains and harder to actual starting composing essays.Revise primary writing skills and make them stronger. Step 4 You must need to compose an outline.It may seem to create an outline after I have begun writing.Your technique helps families with the subject.According to your search, you research and answer the query and start thinking within the best ways. Step 5 Write a rough draft by using a plan, and you create.Parts of draft work for the main reason for the outline.You finish comprising a rough draft.Consider the main flow, and stays target and focus on the primary awareness. Conclusion The above information provides a solution to your issues related to cause and effect essay. These offered the central concept of cause and effects essay. Such as structure of cause and effects essay, steps of causes of effects, and part of the essay. In case you are facing any problem regarding writing cause and effect essay.Get the best essay writing help from the experts at nominal charges.

Effects Of Nutrition On The Rise Among Americans Of All Ages

Rates of obesity are on the rise among Americans of all ages. Improper nutrition is a major contributor to this ongoing health crisis. In the United States, neither adults nor children regularly consume the recommended daily amounts of fruits and vegetables. Lots of smartphone applications on the market attempt to improve caloric and nutritional intake. Many leverage the power of social influence to improve compliance with dietary guidelines, but none of the applications currently available attempt to leverage the most powerful influence on most of our lives – our families. For the purpose of this study I will use a variety of design research methods to examine and evaluate the nutritional challenges facing a sample of middle-income†¦show more content†¦More than one third of adults in the US are obese, and 8.4% of children age 2-5, almost 18% of children aged 6-11 and 20.5% of kids aged 12-19 are considered obese (Ogden, Carroll, Kit Flegal, 2014). In 2008, obesity was estimated to cost the United States $147 billion dollars (Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen Dietz, 2009). The rates of obesity among Americans of all ages points to a lack of nutrition education and a lack of cultural and institutional support for healthy eating habits. A 2005 study warned that the youngest generation of Americans is at risk of being the first in American history to have a life expectancy shorter than that of their parents. This decrease in life expectancy was attributed to the steep rise of obesity in American children. The study warned that over the coming decades, life expectancy for the average American could fall by as much as five years unless efforts are made to stem the rising rate of obesity and the increased occurrence of chronic illness that accompanies it (National Institutes of Health, 2005). Individual changes to health behaviors do not have to be drastic in order to produce significant positive health effects. Studies have found that a modest 5-10 percent drop in weight can create significant improvements in cholesterol and blood pressure (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Small changes can pay big health dividends in the long run. Better health is combination of both physical activity and reduced

Tips to keep your phone safe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1786 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/19 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Cyber Crime Essay Did you like this example? Recently, there has been an alarming upward trend in cybersecurity breaches, with 2018 seeing over 600 breaches only halfway into the year. Cybercrime is now the fastest growing crime in the US, and according to the FBI every 3 seconds, an identity is stolen. Thats 35,000 every day and more than 15 million every year! Major companies are now falling victim to cyber-attacks including Marriot, Facebook, Google, and Macys most recently. Hackers can now get personal information from customers such as phone numbers, email addresses, credit card numbers, and birth dates, and much more. As hackers are becoming more advanced, the ways they can steal information are growing, making mobile devices vulnerable to cyber-attacks now too. According to Wandera Inc., the number of malicious malware installation packages found striking mobile devices more than tripled in 2016, resulting in almost 40 million attacks globally. This all may sound frightening but fear not! There are many ways to protect your phone from cyber-attacks. Keep reading to learn several ways you can keep your phone safe from malware applications! Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tips to keep your phone safe" essay for you Create order How Hackers Infect Phones With Malware 1. Infected Apps Infected applications are the most commonly used delivery system for hackers to transfer malware to mobile devices. Hackers typically choose popular apps like PokemonGo or Whatsapp to replicate or infect, increasing the chances of their rogue app being downloaded by users. Occasionally, hackers will come up with brand new applications infected with malware to infect your phone. Infected apps are most commonly found on third-party app stores but recently have been showing up more in official app stores like Google Play or the App Store. In 2017, Google removed over 700,000 potentially malicious apps out of the Google Play store before they were able to reach Android users. Since then, the vetting process for apps to enter the official app stores have become much more rigorous and secure making it more difficult for the malicious apps to get in. Even so, some malicious apps are still able to slip through the cracks and get into both the Google Play store and Apple App store. 2. Scams Scams are another favorite tool amongst hackers used to infect mobile devices. Users are redirected to a malicious web page, either through a pop-up screen or a web redirect. Sometimes, links to infected pages are sent directly to users through email or text messages. Once the infected page has been visited, the code on the page triggers the automatic download of the malicious software. The sites are usually designed to replicate legitimate websites to get users to accept the file on their devices. 3. Malvertising Malvertising is the use of online advertising to spread malware. The ads look the same as regular advertisements and can appear on a wide range of apps and web pages including legitimate online ad networks. Once the ad is clicked on, the user is taken to an infected site, which triggers the download of the malware and infects the device. Some examples of more aggressive malvertisements are ads that take up the entire screen of the device while using the internet. If the screen is touched, it triggers the automatic download of the malicious file. 4. Direct to Device This is the least commonly used method to infect devices with malware, but it still happens to a few unsuspecting individuals. This can be done at the hands of the user or by a hacker accessing an unattended phone. When it is done by the user, its often the unintentional result of them deciding to download an application directly to their phone from a third-party website that appears to be safe but is indeed infected. When its done by a hacker, the hacker manually downloads the malicious software onto a device thats been left unattended or stolen. The most common example of this method in use is spyware being installed on the phones of spouses by their partners so they can monitor them. Below are some of the types of mobile malware most commonly used today: Spyware – monitors and records information about users actions on their devices without their knowledge or permission Adware – short for advertising software, shows users frequent ads in the form of pop-ups, sometimes leading to the unintended redirection of users to web pages or applications Financial malware – attempts to steal users bank credentials without their knowledge Ransomware – form of malware that locks the user out of their files or their device, then demands an anonymous online payment to restore access Trojan – hides itself within a piece of seemingly innocent, legitimate software to gain access to target users systems Rooting malware – roots the device, basically unlocking the operating system and then obtains escalated privileges SMS malware – manipulates devices to send and intercept text messages resulting in SMS charges. The user is usually not aware of the activity Recent Mobile App Attacks Earlier this month, two malicious fitness iOS apps were able to infiltrate the App store and steal money from users by taking advantage of the TouchID feature on iPhone devices. The apps Fitness Balance app and Calories Tracker app, appeared to be new legitimate fitness applications in the App Store. But, once downloaded and opened, they began initiating payments in the background for the amounts of $99.99, $119.99, or ‚Â ¬139.99. They then tricked users into unknowingly approving the charges with onscreen prompts asking the user to use the TouchID sensor to set up and access their content. If users already had previously registered payment information in their App Store accounts, the transaction would be approved and accepted immediately. There was one flaw in the apps design though; it quickly displayed a pop-up showing the pending transaction which prompted some skeptical users to stop the finger scanning process. Whenever users became suspicious and refused to scan their fingers, the app would fail to start and continuously show the finger scanning prompt in a loop until the user either completed the scan or uninstalled the app. Many iOS users fell victim to this scam because of its legitimate appearance, high ratings, and favorable reviews. Posting fake reviews is becoming a commonly used technique by hackers to improve the reputation of their apps. Using methods like this, hackers are often successful in getting their malicious apps downloaded. Because of this, users on Android and Apple devices alike are falling victim to apps that sneakily steal their personal information or scam them out of money more than ever. Some of these apps have even been reported of being capable of recording audio and video on users phones to use against them for blackmail. With hackers becoming more clever with the methods they use to scam individuals, its important to be smart about the apps you download on your mobile device. Follow these suggested tips to keep your phone safe from malware applications! Tips To Keep Your Phone Safe 1. Always use official app stores- While some apps do manage to sneak inside official app stores for both Android and Apple devices, using only official app stores to download applications to your phone dramatically decreases your chances of downloading an infected application. 2. Read the reviews- Use reviews to screen apps before downloading them. Often if there are issues within an app, users will comment on whether or not the app does what it says it will, or if the app seems suspicious. Also, if an app has only 5-star ratings, this too could be a warning sign that the app might be malicious since hackers often pay for reviews to make the app seem more legitimate. Often, if looked at in combination, the reviews and star rating can be a great indicator to the validity of an app. Its safe to say if an app has low ratings and bad reviews you shouldnt download it. Alternatively, if an app has all 5-star reviews but terrible reviews its probably a suspicious app. 3. Verify its really the app you are looking for- Hackers often create malicious apps that mimic popular apps, so they can sneak their way into app stores without being detected and get downloaded by unsuspecting users. The most significant incident of this was the lookalike WhatsApp application published by hackers in the Google Play store being downloaded by more than 1 million users. If youre looking up a popular app but see errors in the description or the logo looks a little off, dont download it. 4. Check which permissions it asks for- Always check which permissions apps ask for before using it. If the app requests permissions that dont make sense or are unreasonable, dont trust it. Beware of apps that ask for permission to run in the background, to control the keyboard, phone, and messaging functions, or to launch other apps. If an app asks for permissions that it doesnt need to run properly, its probably suspicious. 5. Regularly update your phone and applications- Make sure to keep your operating system up to date! New system updates often include new security patches to protect your phone from new cyber threats. 6. Dont jailbreak your phone- Many malicious apps like spyware can only be installed on jailbroken phones. Jailbroken phones are unlocked and able to bypass many of the security settings that are standard for the devices. This lack of security allows hackers to remotely control devices through installed apps to steal users private data such as passwords, emails, photos, messages and much more. victims Warning Signs You May Have An Infected App It disappears from the home screen once downloaded It displays strange behavior when launched or crashes a lot It asks for additional, unnecessary permissions It drains your battery or data more than usual Unfamiliar apps have been added to your phone If you believe your phone may be infected with a virus, try downloading one of these free trusted antivirus applications to remove the virus: AVG AntiVirus Free, Norton Security and Antivirus, or McAfee Security: Antivirus, Anti-Theft Safe Web. If you are an iPhone user and fear that you may have a virus simply try restarting your device, clearing your website history, or restoring your phone to a recent back up to remove the malware virus. 1. Restart your iPhone or iPad: Hold down the power button until you see Slide to Power Off touch and slide until it turns off. To turn it back on, hold down the power button for a few seconds until you see an Apple logo. 2. Clear your history: Settings Safari Clear History and Website Data tap Clear. 3. Restore your iPhone or iPad to a recent backup. Make sure your device is set to automatically backup. If it is, you can restore it to an earlier backup, when you werent having problems. To turn on Backup: Settings iCloud turn on Backup.

Student Learning Achievement In Cambodia Free Essays

string(318) " propose policy recommendations in order to raise the pupil accomplishment, to better the system effectivity, to shut the spread between the top and bottom through compensatory support, to compensate emerging societal differences, and to mensurate the student accomplishment through regular testing \( mentions\? \) \." Since the prostration of the Pol Pot government until early 2000s the term Student Learning Achievement was on occasion mentioned. The authorities at that clip basically focused on how to garner kids and grownups to travel to school to larn from the people who merely had better cognition than their pupils. As a consequence, merely between 1998 and 2003 the per centum of kids come ining primary school expanded by about 36 per centum ( EMIS, 2003 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Student Learning Achievement In Cambodia or any similar topic only for you Order Now But with the singular additions in Numberss of pupil registration the instruction quality, in general, seem to be difficult to better. MoEYS recognizes that careful attending must be given to guarantee that policy-led determinations are harmonic with improved larning achievementaˆÂ ¦ Most schools do non carry through expected minimal contact hours per twelvemonth. Continuous schoolroom monitoring of single pupils ‘ command of indispensable acquisition competences and accomplishments, linked to ongoing redress, and regular, independent ‘auditing ‘ of educational quality and criterions have yet to be translated into plans that can be implemented countrywide ( EFA National Plan 2003-2015, p.25 ) . If the quality issues had been asked for, specifically the pupil larning results, the chief mechanism that many people normally have been referred to, even up to now, is through national scrutiny. But is it sensible if national scrutiny will be used for turn outing the pupil larning results? While analysis of scrutiny consequences can supply penetrations into pupil accomplishment and can place schools in which pupil public presentation is weak, its value is limited. One restriction is that public scrutinies normally test merely narrow countries of a course of study. This is partially because a limited figure of topics can be examined ; it is besides because within these topics, the focal point of the scrutiny tends to be on course of study content and competences that will maximise favoritism between pupils who will be selected for farther instruction and those who will non. The accomplishments of lower-performing pupils as a consequence may non be adequately represented ( Kellaghan and Greaney, 2004, P. ? ) . It is agreed with the statement of Kellghan and Greaney and is believed that scrutiny is non the right manner for measuring the pupil larning results. Additionally, Bethell stated that: â€Å" The premier intent of an scrutiny system is to supply each campaigner with a consequence which accurately reflects her/his degree of accomplishment. The usage of the consequence, e.g. for university choice or as an employment making, is aimed at the person. In contrast, the intent of a sample-based national appraisal is to supply dependable informations on the effectivity of the system as a whole ( 2003, P. ? ) . † Furthermore, Hernes, Director of International Institute for Educational Planning ( IIEP ) , noted that â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ Assessment has become over the old ages an of import key to the betterment of the quality of instruction. It is one of the most dependable ways of placing jobs, whether these are the system degree, of school degree, or concern the single pupil † ( UN ESCO, IIEP 2001, P. ? ) . The constructs of Education Assessment have been applied in many countries/ organisations, although they have different intents, models and attacks, such as Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality ( SAQMEC ) , Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study ( TIMSS ) , Programme for International Student Assessment ( PISA ) and so forth. TIMSS, for illustration, is an international appraisal of the mathematics and scientific discipline cognition of 4th and eighth-grade pupils around the universe. TIMSS is conducted every four twelvemonth. The chief end of TIMMS is to supply comparative information about educational mathematical accomplishment across states to better instruction and acquisition in mathematics and scientific discipline ( TIMSS International Report, 2007 ) . The TIMSS consequences so provide comparative positions on tendencies in academic achieving in the context of different educational systems, school organisational attacks, and instructional patterns. PISA, on the other manus, is a collaborative attempt undertaken by all member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, ( OECD ) and a figure of non-member spouse states to mensurate how well pupils, at age 15, are prepared to run into the challenges they may meet in future life. The PISA appraisal takes a wide attack to measuring cognition, accomplishments and attitudes that reflect current alterations in course of study, traveling beyond the school based attack towards the usage of cognition in mundane undertakings and challenges. The accomplishments acquired reflect the ability of pupils to go on larning throughout their lives by using what they learn in school to non-school environments, measuring their picks and doing determinations. The appraisal, jointly guided by the take parting authoritiess, brings together the policy involvements of states by using scientific expertness at both national and international degrees ( PISA, 2006 ) . In peculiar the continent of Africa, the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality ( SACMEQ ) is an international non-profit developmental organisation of 15 Ministries of Education in Southern and Eastern Africa. The state members decided to work together to portion experiences and expertness in developing the capacities of instruction contrivers to use scientific methods to supervise and measure the conditions of schooling and the quality of instruction, with proficient aid from UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning ( IIEP ) . The consequences of SACMEQ have been used extensively by assorted institutions/stakeholders, Ministries of Education ( MOE ‘s ) , international/bilateral organisations, universities, and single educational contrivers and research workers, within the take parting states as a resource for instruction sector surveies and as baseline information that can be employed in policy treatments and arguments about t he conditions of schooling and the quality of instruction ( SACMEQ, 2010 ) . The Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training ( MoET ) launched a large-scale monitoring survey of primary instruction in 2000, the first of its sort in the state. The survey tested students and their instructors in the last class of primary instruction ( Grade 5 ) , utilizing a sample cross sectional study in two key capable countries, reading comprehension in Vietnamese and mathematics. The survey tried to happen the chief issues and propose policy recommendations in order to raise the pupil accomplishment, to better the system effectivity, to shut the spread between the top and bottom through compensatory support, to compensate emerging societal differences, and to mensurate the student accomplishment through regular testing ( mentions? ) . You read "Student Learning Achievement In Cambodia" in category "Essay examples" At the present twenty-four hours, there is a turning consciousness of similar issues in Kampuchean instruction policy paperss such as the Education for All ( EFA ) program 2003-2015, Education Strategic Plan ( ESP ) 2006-2010 and Education Sector Support Program ESSP ) 2006-2010.The inquiries of quality, the steps to accomplish the quality ends and marks have been received more and more attending. Additionally, in the Ministry of Education Youth and Sport ( MoEYS ) course of study reform lineation, the minimal criterions for classs 3, 6 and 9 in topics of Khmer, Social Study and Mathematics were established ( MoEYS, 2006 ) ; and late, a new establishment that considers instruction quality ( called the Quality Assurance Department ) has been established ( MoEYS, 2009 ) . Statement of the Problem Although the schemes to accomplish the results and marks of the policy were set in about the full Ministry policy paperss, for illustration, â€Å" Implement the minimal criterions of pupil accomplishment for classs 3, 6 and 9 countrywide, guarantee a shared apprehension of minimal criterions amongst instructors, parents and other stakeholders and follow up on the consequences of the trials in the countrywide school study cards ( ESP 2006-2010, p.14 ) , † The minimal criterions of above classs were illustrated, the information or indexs on existent accomplishment in quality and results of larning have non been yet presented, except some proxy indexs demoing about publicity and repeat rates. The supra related information can be seen in some instruction spouse surveies such as UNICEF ( Prak Phalla, 2005 ) and World Bank based undertakings, Education Quality Improvement Project ( Marshall, 2004 ) , Save the Children Norway ( SCN,2007 ) and Cambodia Education Sector Support Projec t ( CESSP, 2006, 2008, 2009 ) . In the Education Strategic Plan ( ESP ) 2006-2010, the Sector Performance Milestones and Targets tables shows the marks for about all indexs but there are spaces for indexs of per centum of pupils run intoing course of study criterions in Khmer and Math based on standardised trial at Grade 3, 6 and 9 ( Appendix A, Table II: Quality and Efficiency, ESP 2006-2010 ) . Furthermore, if the inquiry about how good the pupils at grade 3 or 6 or 9 can accomplish compared with the course of study criterions the reply will non be easy to happen. There is really small grounds in Cambodia related to prove execution. One of them is a study from execution of a undertaking called Education Quality Improvement Project ( EQIP ) which was supported by the World Bank from 1999 to 2003. One of the EQIP undertakings was to prove all Grade 4 pupils of the undertaking coverage states ( Kandal, Kampot and Takeo ) . Specifically, the chief intent of the trial was to detect the impact from the execution of undertaking grants on assorted activities by the schools, i.e. to compare the pupil accomplishments in Numeracy and Literacy at the beginning of the undertaking and terminal of the undertaking period ( EQIP Final Report, 2004 ) . In 2005, MoEYS/Pedagogical Research Department ( PRD ) with aid from UNICEF started implementing a undertaking on Grade 6 Learning Achievement by carry oning the trial on mathematics and Khmer. The aims of the undertaking were to supply information on pupils ‘ larning accomplishment in the province school including the Child Friendly Schools ( CFS ) to MoEYS, UNICEF and relevant stakeholders ; to set up a baseline degree for Grade 6 larning accomplishment for the new course of study and criterion ; to compare the pupil consequences between CFS and non-CFS schools ; to roll up informations for usage for a alteration of the Grade 6 course of study, text editions and instructors ‘ manuals and auxiliary teaching/learning stuffs ; and to happen out the existent state of affairs of larning accomplishment in primary schools. In his study, Prak ( UNICEF, 2005 ) recommended that â€Å" more standard points should be put in. This is because in this trial non all Grade 6 course of study criterions on Khmer and Math have been tested owing to a clip and budget restraint ( p. ? ) † . Purpose and Significance The course of study criterions ( minimal criterions ) for Grade 3, 6 and 9 had been established since 2006 ( Appendix B ) but until now there is no papers or study depicting how the pupils perform compared with the criterions. This paper, hence, efforts to exemplify the consequences of one of the above class degree ( Grade 9 ) , so the research findings will non merely be used for carry throughing the losing informations in the ESP papers for the defined twelvemonth but besides to show how good the Grade 9 pupil can accomplish comparing with the official curriculum criterion. More significantly, the findings will explicate why the pupils are perchance really good or hapless in some content countries of the course of study, for illustration, what possible grounds cause them to be good in work outing job by utilizing graph or, contrastingly, they are hapless in happening length of discharge Besides this, as we live in the planetary context and as the instruction systems are bit by bit developed we need to exemplify that sort of consequences to compare with other states in the parts or/and well-known organisations such as TIMMS, PISA, etc. Research Question More specifically, this papers tries to reply these research inquiries: What is the overall mean degree of pupil larning accomplishment in Mathematicss in sample schools in comparing to the national criterion? How make the norms in Mathematics vary by content and sub-content country? Are there important differences in the acquisition accomplishment by location, gender and socioeconomics by quintile? Research Methods With the support from the Kampuchean Education Sector Support Project ( CESSP ) / MoEYS, the National Assessment unit has conducted several trials in different class degrees, three, six and nine, since 2005. The overarching intent of the MoEYS appraisal work is to supply a system-wide diagnosing of school quality and pupil acquisition. This is done utilizing standardised trials that measure the functionary, or intended, course of study based on points created by MoEYS forces. Since I am one of the members of this unit I have discussed with the squad members to plan some peculiar undertakings for this survey purpose along with the chief undertakings of the undertaking. Sampling Technique and Sample Size This is a theoretical account of diagnostic appraisal which requires merely representative sample of schools to stand for the state as the whole. With a full support from CESSP/World Bank a scope of trying technique and sample size was produced. The type of sample was defined as two-stage bunch sample. This was done in five stairss: 1 ) specifying the population: the class nine population is restricted to take down secondary schools, EMIS information 2008, that have at least one grade nine category with 20 or more pupils ; 2 ) make up one’s minding how many schools are required: 200 schools were selected by utilizing trying package produced by IIEP ( called IIEPSAMP ) with the Effective Sample Size ( ESS ) of 400 ( Appendix C ) ; 3 ) specifying the strata: the strata here referred to the three chief parts in the state: Urban, Rural and Remote ; 4 ) choosing the schools: the package so produced 50 schools in urban, 139 in rural and 11 schools in distant countries ( Appendix D ) ; and, 5 ) choosing the pupils within each school: 30 pupils per school were indiscriminately selected so the sum of pupils were about 6,000. Restrictions of the method adopted. Research Tools The range of this survey is really seen as a really large survey nevertheless, as above mentioned, the readying for this survey was carried out alongside with the MoEYS undertakings which being involved by related ministry departments/staff therefore some of the related results/findings can be considered and used as the findings of this survey. With the intent of comparing the degree of pupil accomplishment in math the curriculum trial design ( Appendix E ) , test brochures and official course of study criterions are basically needed. In add-on, in order to detect the deduction to the pupil achievement the information from pupil and instructor interview is besides required. Datas Analysis The points produced by the MoEYS specializers covered the content and sub-content countries of the intended course of study in general ( Appendix E ) . For this survey purpose the points related to course of study criterions will be defined. Descriptive Statisticss: This will summary the information particularly the pupil accomplishment in mean per centum correct ( average ) and standard divergences are besides used when appropriate. Comparisons of Meanss: Since the sample is divided into three types of school locations ( parts ) , male and female pupils participated and the pupils came from different socio-economic position t-test, ANOVA or/and chi-square could be used for gauging the differences among those variables. By making this we can demo the differences existed in the content and sub-content countries, later, we will research for what countries have the highest comparative tonss, what is the lowest, etc. Then the consequences that relate to the course of study criterions can be explored, and therefore we can reason about how the Grade 9 pupils achieved when they finished their category. The spreads between pupils like urban-rural, poor-rich, boys-girls, etc will besides be demonstrated. More significantly, from consequences in Numberss we will seek to research what make consequences intend in footings of what pupils can really make and why they performed ill in some peculiar content countries of the course of study. The consequences, so, will go the first findings in such field and may likely essential for some stakeholders. Appendix Appendix A: Table Two: Quality and Efficiency ( Promotion and repeat 2003-04 rate are used for baseline 2004-05 ) Index Baseline Target Target Target Target Target Beginning: 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Pupil teacher ratio EMIS – Primary 53.5 51.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 – Lower Secondary 27.7 37 41 45 45 45 – Upper berth Secondary 29.4 35 38 40 40 40 Promotion rate Entire Female Male Entire Female Male Entire Female Entire Female Entire Female Entire Female EMIS – Class 1 64.8 % 65.4 % 64.2 % 92 % 92 % 92 % 93 % 93 % 94 % 94 % 95 % 95 % 95 % 95 % A – Class 3 77.3 % 78.9 % 75.7 % 93 % 93 % 93 % 93 % 93 % 94 % 94 % 95 % 95 % 95 % 95 % A – Class 6 86.6 % 86.3 % 86.9 % 93 % 93 % 93 % 93 % 93 % 94 % 94 % 95 % 95 % 95 % 95 % A Repeat rate Entire Female Male Entire Female Male Entire Female Entire Female Entire Female Entire Female EMIS – Class 1 23.6 % 22.4 % 24.9 % 6 % 6 % 6 % 5 % 5 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % A – Class 3 13.2 % 11.3 % 15.4 % 6 % 6 % 6 % 5 % 5 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 % A – Class 6 2.6 % 2.2 % 3.1 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % A Completion rate Entire Female Male Entire Female Male Entire Female Entire Female Entire Female Entire Female EMIS – Primary 46.8 % 45.7 % 47.9 % 60 % 60 % 60 % 70 % 70 % 80 % 80 % 90 % 90 % 100 % 100 % A – Lower secondary 20.6 % 20.0 % 21.2 % 30 % 30 % 30 % 40 % 40 % 50 % 50 % 60 % 60 % 75 % 75 % A Literacy rate 67.1 % 60.3 % 74.7 % 70 % 67 % 73.1 % 75 % 73 % 80 % 78 % 85 % 84 % 90 % 90 % A Number of pupils go throughing grade 12 scrutiny 33,834 37,500 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 EMIS % of pupils run intoing course of study criterions in Khmer Language based on standardised trial at: A PRD/DGE – Class 3 A to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined A – Class 6 A to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined A – Class 9 A to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined A % of pupils run intoing course of study criterions in Mathematicss based on standardised trial at: PRD/DGE – Class 3 A to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined A – Class 6 A to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined A – Class 9 A to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined to be determined A Appendix B: Grade 6 Curriculum Standard Strand Grade 6 Number Read, count, write, order and compare whole Numberss non transcending 7 figures and Numberss with denary fractions to two denary topographic points Read, write, order and comparison fractions and assorted Numberss. Round denary Numberss to the nearest whole figure. Add, subtract, multiply and divide whole Numberss utilizing three types of brackets ( [ , ( , { ) Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator. Add and subtract denary Numberss with two denary topographic points. Multiply and divide Numberss up to 4 figures by 2 figures. Use appraisal schemes to look into generation, add-on and division of whole Numberss. Rename common fractions ( less than one ) as decimals and per centums Calculate simple ratios and direct proportions ( eg 2 people need 4 cups of H2O so 6 people need 12 ) . Calculate norm costs, net income and loss, and write and verify grosss. Measurement Use criterion mensurating instruments and read graduated tables to the nearest step to find: Length from kilometers to millimeters ( eg. wood, roads ) Capacity from liters to milliliters ( eg. medical specialty, cooking oil ) Weight ( mass ) from kg to gms ( eg veggie, rice and meat ) Time from hours to seconds Read and show accurately clip in parallel, digital, 12 and 24 hours representations Interpret a simple graduated table saloon on a map and utilize the map to cipher distance between topographic points Calculate norm travel times utilizing given velocities and distances Geometry Name types of angles ( ague, right, obtuse and consecutive line ) up to 180A ° and concept angles utilizing swayers, protractors and compasses Draw and label circles utilizing the undermentioned footings: radius, Centre, diameter and perimeter Make theoretical accounts of prisms, cones, pyramids, cylinders and domains Measure and happen the margin and country of trigons, squares, and rectangle Find the volume of solids made up of unit regular hexahedrons. Statistics Concept and construe informations presented in tabular arraies, line graphs, saloon chart and pie charts. Algebra AND Form Find the value of simple algebraic looks utilizing permutation methods affecting add-on and minus. ( eg. 3 + B = ? , 8- b= ? where B is 4 ) Simplify simple algebraic looks utilizing add-on and minus methods. ( eg. 4x + 2x = ? ) Reasoning Explain a short concatenation of concluding used to near and work out a job that involves an analysis of informations through the choice and usage of mathematical techniques. Appendix C. Sample Design Table Megahertz: Intraclass Correlation ( ICC ) : 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 20 Schools 150 159 197 235 273 Students 3,000 3,180 3,940 4,700 5,460 25 Schools 150 151 190 228 266 Students 3,750 3,775 4,750 5,700 6,650 30 Schools 150 150 185 223 262 Students 4,500 4,500 5,550 6,690 7,860 35 Schools 150 150 181 220 259 Students 5,250 5,250 6,335 7,700 9,065 40 Schools 150 150 179 218 257 Students 6,000 6,000 7,160 8,720 10,280 Beginning: TIMSS 2004 Report, Chapter 5 ( Table 5.2 ) . Notes: For this survey a Minimum Cluster Size ( MCS ) of 30 was used, although in a little per centum of schools there were fewer than 30 grade nine pupils enrolled. Calculations of the ICC from old pupil appraisals in Cambodia suggest an norm of approximately 0.30. The MoEYS grade nine sample of 200 schools and approximately 6,000 pupils is larger than the minimal sample predicted for an MCS of 30 and ICC of 0.30. Appendix D: Comparison of School Strata in Population and Samples Stratums: Schools in Population: Number of Schools in Sample: Raw Total Percent* ( % ) Raw Total Percent* ( % ) Weighted Percent ( % ) 1. Urban 140 28.0 50 25.0 28.0 2. Rural 776 70.7 139 69.9 70.8 3. Remote 28 1.3 11 5.0 1.2 Sum: 944 100.0 200 100.0 100.0 Beginning: EMIS and MoEYS Assessment, 2007-2009 *Refers to per centum of entire pupil population, non per centum of schools. The Numberss in the far right column ( in bold ) refer to the leaden sample that is used for the analysis. Appendix E: Grade 9 Curriculum Blueprint and Item Analysis Summaries No Content Area Sub-Content Area Cognitive Skill Item % Cognition Understanding Application Analyzing 1 Number Operation in Integer 1 1 0 0 20 20 % Operationss in Power 1 2 0 0 Taking figure out of a root 1 2 0 0 Taking figure into the root 1 2 0 0 Operationss on a root 1 2 2 1 Finding a per centum of a figure 1 1 1 0 2 Algebra Linear equation 2 4 1 1 50 50 % A system of equations in two variables 2 3 1 1 Inequality and inequality systems 2 3 1 0 Quadratic equation 2 4 1 0 Distance between two points in Orthonormial grid 2 3 1 0 Equation of line 3 4 2 0 Solving a system equations and inequality by utilizing graph 2 4 1 0 3 Statisticss Probability 1 2 1 1 10 10 % Representative statistics 1 1 0 0 Analysis statistics 1 2 0 0 4 Geometry Thales theory 2 3 1 1 20 20 % Similar trigons 2 3 1 0 Trigonometry 1 2 1 0 Finding the length of discharge and angle of circle 1 2 0 0 How to cite Student Learning Achievement In Cambodia, Essay examples

A home For Elderly People

Question: Write an essay on A home For Elderly People. Answer: Understanding the methods of attaining sustainable competitive advantage for a newly established Elderly Home which is being staffed with multicultural work force A home for elderly people is a special place with the particular kind of atmosphere. The people staying here have left back their past and have entered the final stage of their lives. The new life they are leading need to be full of care and control. The elderly people need full care in terms of medical facilities, day to day activities and also for emotional support. The institution that provides the support has to be well versed with their activities and should be well equipped to provide them the requirements. To make it done effectively, it is needed to maintain an order so that every day task can be managed but it also demands that the care receivers submit themselves to the institutional rules (PukelienÄ— and MaksvytienÄ— 2015). Receiving care means that the residents have to accept help to perform actions they were able to carry out themselves for the better part of their lives, including eating and drinking, washing, getting dressed and undressed, going to the toilet. Control means that life in an Elderly people's Home follows strict rules. It is not the individual but the institution that now determine what, how, and when activities are to be carried out (Portet et al. 2013). This creates potential conflict between residents and staff, conflict which is expressed through linguistic interaction between the two groups. The country's demographic transition into an ageing, aged, and hyper- aged society not only means that people get older and older, but also that there are increasingly fewer young people to take care of the elderly, leading to a multicultural workforce (Mazur 2013). Preliminary figures based on the 2011 Malta Census of Population and Housing indicated that, at end of 2012, 24 per cent of the total population, or 102,026 persons, were aged 60-plus (Countrymeters.info 2016). Population projections indicate that the Maltese population will become increasingly aged in the coming decades. In the period 2012-2035, persons aged 65-plus are projected to increase from 77,190 to around 111,700an increase of 44 per cent (Countrymeters.info 2016). The paper discusses how a newly established elderly Home can achieve competitive advantages to sustain successfully in the market with multi cultural workforce. It shows the issues that can be raised with a multi cultural staff and the solutions to these issues so that competitive advantage can be attained. Further the steps and policies an elderly home should follow to meet competitive advantage is discussed here (Moreno et al. 2015). Competitive advantage is a concept of business which allows any firm or a organization to outperform its competitors. It can be in terms of cost, technology, entry barriers, skilled workforce, geographical location and other advantages that the organization can have over its competitors. Competitive advantage helps in the attainment of sustainability of the firm in the industry. It can be obtained by the firm through different strategies, like lowering its cost of production by adopting advanced technology, or giving better quality services to the customers as compared to its competitors. It can also be gained by introducing unique product in the market or by differentiated its product compared to other products (Robson 2013). An Elderly Home in Malta, a Southern European island country, needs to develop its competitive advantage to sustain successfully in long run. Malta is a service based industrialised economy. The countrys strength is its strategic location, situated in the middle of Mediterranean Sea between Europe, North Africa and Middle East. Its a developed market economy with Gross Domestic Product growth rate of 2.4% as in 2013 and per capita income of $29,200 as in 2012. The contribution to GDP by agriculture sector is 1.4%, industry by 25.3% and service by 73.3% (Countrymeters.info 2016). Malta population demographic age structure-wise in 2014 is 15.1% of the population between age 0-14years. 12.6% of the population between age 15-24 years, 40.4% of the population between age 25-34 years, 14% of the population between age 55-64 years and 17.9% is 65 years and over of the total population. The elderly dependency ratio is 24.8% and the male female ratio for the age 65 years and above is 32,903 males and 40,868 females as in 2014. Further the life expectancy is 79 years which lead to further increase in the aged population (Countrymeters.info 2016). The demographic figure of the population highlights that there is a good number of old aged people in Malta and being a developed economy the social structure has changed from joint family to nuclear family that has led to the increasing demand of elderly home organization by the working population to take care of the older generation in the family. There are quite a number of elderly homes in Malta. As per the statistics of Yellow book, there are around 40 rest homes for elderly people in Malta. It implies a good number of elderly homes exist in Malta due to the increasing aged population and demand for elderly homes (Mitic and Ognjanov 2013). The newly established elderly home in Malta has to develop a competent competitive advantage for long term sustainability in the country. There are large flows of immigrants in Malta and according to the statistics; there is inflow of 3 immigrants on average per day. It consists of a mixed population of non-Maltese nationals, comprising of Italian, German, Libyan and African. As the working population of Malta is falling over the period, the newly established elderly home has to maintain a staff of multicultural people to meet the increasing requirements (Marburger 2012). The multicultural staff of the elderly home and the residents of the home often get into conflict due to the imposition of rules for care and control of the elderly residents by the staff members. The major concern of the company is how to develop sustainable competitive advantage with the multicultural staff. One of the reasons for conflict is the need for the residents to submit themselves to the caretakers and follow the rules of the homes. There are two basic rules that an elderly home has to follow to maintain a particular environment in the home. One is receiving care and other is control. Receiving care means that the residents of the homes has to accept assistance for carrying out actions like washing, getting dressed, drinking, eating, getting undressed and going to the toilets. The control means the life of elderly people are now controlled by the institution, It is the institution and not the individual which decided how, when and what activities are to be carried out. Suc h task when carried out by the staff members, lead to conflict between them and the residents (Link 2015). The newly established home has a staff member of multicultural who plays the most vital role in the efficient operation of the institute due to its nature of work. Increasing conflicts between the staff members and the residents of the home will lead to negative popularity of the elderly home and will weaken its competitive advantage in the market. The institute need to train its staff member about the methods they must use to treat the old people. They need to have utter patience and should give sincere effort to handle the elderly people effectively (Liang et al. 2012). To understand the strategies that should be used by the institute to attain competitive advantage in the industry of elderly homes. A SWOT analysis is done for the newly established elderly home to understand the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of the institute. It will help to understand the internal and external environment of the institute that will further help in building competitive advantage against the competitors. The SWOT analysis can be done in two parts, first to understand the strength and weakness of the company. For that it is necessary to identify the scale and cost economies, the size and financial resources of the institutions and intellectual, legal and reputational resources of the institute. Second, is to understand opportunities and threat, the trends of competitive, technological and socio-cultural environment need to be identified (Li and Guisinger 2014). Strengths: The newly established elderly home has a large potential market due to the increasing population of aged people in Malta. According to the statistics, 24% of the population is aged people above the age 65. These people need an elderly home for themselves as the nuclear family structure has left nobody in the family to take care of them. The geographical location of Malta is the added advantage of the institute. It is an island country and is surrounded with sea which creates a beautiful atmosphere in the country that is always liked by the elderly people as they spent most of their times in the residents. One of the strength of the institution is its low cost structure. Establishment of the elderly homes requires initial investment but the working capital is not very high. So the institution can concentrate on the quality of the service provided to the aged people by training the staff members and recruiting more staff members. The reputation of the elderly homes builds on their treatment to the older generation people. The newly established elderly home should concentrate on the quality of service it provides to the elderly people and develop it as the institution strength (Lee et al. 2013). Weakness: The newly established elderly home weakness is the multicultural staff members. It is difficult to handle the multicultural staff members in terms of maintaining uniform discipline in the institute. The working habits and the manner of treatment to the elderly people by the staff vary according to their culture. It creates differences in the services provided by the staff to the elderly people. This may lead to conflicts and chaos among the elderly residents and the staff members. Further linguistic languages may be used to show the anger on each other which spoils the environment of the homes. Moreover, it affects the goodwill of the elderly homes and the working population become resistant towards keeping their aged family members in the elderly homes (Lapersonne 2013). The home for elderly people may not have continuous flow of earning as it is not a lucrative business. It gives more importance to the care and love provided by the staff of the homes to the residents rather than charging exorbitant fees from than residents. It is more of a voluntary service than paid service. Moreover, some elderly residents may be abandoned from their homes by the younger generation and has no place to stay. The institute cannot charge from such aged people and has to give them free services. Some aged people are left alone and has nobody left behind in the family to look after them. Again free service has to be provided to these people. Hence, low financial earning becomes a weakness of the institute (Hood 2013). Opportunities: of elderly homes can be the potentiality of the industry. There is huge demand for elderly homes in a developed country like Malta so the newly established elderly home should avail this opportunity. The changing socio-cultural environment of the country from joint family to nuclear and single family has created the demand. There are more families who are willing to pay high price for keeping their elderly grand- parents and parents in a cordial, loving and caring environment due to the lack of time with them to take care of the elder generation in the family. It has created an opportunity for the institute to have a good earning and use the excess earning to build skilled and efficient staff for the residents (Hollensen 2015). The advanced technology has given an opportunity to the newly established home to connect itself with the families of the residents across the world through online video chatting. As the elderly people miss their families, the use of technology for video chatting with their dear ones make them feel happy and keep them healthy. It improves the environment in the homes and brings happiness to all the residents. The institute should use such technology and get popularity for its business through advertisement in different forms like televisions, websites, emails, leaflets, newspaper, messages in mobile phones and local cable lines etc (Guo and Bai 2014). Threats: to the newly established elderly home are the already settled institutes in the country which is providing successful services to the elderly population of the country. In this industry, the homes run on the basis cof love and care they provided to their residents. The already established goodwill and reputation of the competitive firm is the biggest threat. The people will be unwilling to shift their older generation to newly established place Winning the confidence of the people is the biggest threat of the new institute when the existing institutions have already earned the customer loyalty and trust by providing good service to them (Genderen 2013). Another threat to the business is ill health of the elderly peoples. The institute should be cautious and well equipped to handle any kind of emergencies on the medical grounds. The elderly residents are more prone to weak health and need special care and proper medical check-ups on regular basis.. If there is any kind of negligence from the institute on this ground then it may affect its image and goodwill and hence business as people will not be willing to take risk with the health of their elderly family members (Calabrese et al. 2013). The SWOT analysis of the newly established elderly homes helps to understand the areas where the institute can work for creating competitive advantage towards its competitors. Some of the areas are discussed here. Firstly, the institute should work on creating goodwill among the customers by providing trained staff members, good environment and advanced technology for communication and medical facilities. It will give the institute an edge over the other competitors and it will build a competitive advantage for the institute. Second, the institute should remove the cultural differences among the staff members by following some disciplinary rules in the home. The staff members should be trained of handling the older people with great patience and care. The linguistic differences should not be used as a way of taking out ones anger towards the other. It will affect the environment of the institute and will deteriorate its competitive position. Third, competitive advantage can be obtained by providing quality stay of the elderly people with good sanitation facility and cleanliness of the environment. The better is the staying and medical facility, the better is the institute goodwill and makes it have a stronger competitive advantage over its rival (Suryadevara et al. 2012) Fourth, the institute should have connections with renowned doctors and medical institute to create an image of a well equipped institute which is required for security purpose of the people. Further the staff members should be trained to undertake emergency situation with proper care and stable mind (Suryadevara and Mukhopadhyay 2012). Fifth, the cultural differences among the staff can be used as strength by promoting the advertisement of the institute in different languages and pooling old aged people of any caste and religion to the institute. This creates a multicultural atmosphere in the institute and should allow the people to adopt each others cultural to have more fun ad learning (Stambaugh et al. 2013). Sixth, proper care service and control service provided to the aged population create a competitive advantage against other. The care service should be provided without any kind of hassles among the residents and staff members and control service should be provide with following a proper routine for the medical treatment of the company It will definitely upgrade its position in the market and will build competitive advantage against the competitors (Sigaroudi et al. 2013). The newly established elderly home can attain competitive advantage in the industry against its competitor by following the above steps and thus improving its chance of sustainability in the long run. Running an elderly home is a slow earning business but with the right competitive advantage, it will be able to establish a sustainable earning in long run. Malta has a great number of elderly homes, so establishment of sustainable competitive advantage is inevitable for the company to survive the tough competition in terms of quality care and services to the elderly population (Barney and Hesterly 2012). To conclude, the brief of the paper is given. The paper discusses the newly established elderly home at Malta. It highlights the demographic population of Malta and increasing percentage of elderly population has created the demand for elderly homes. There are large numbers of elderly homes in Malta. The paper tries to understand the manner in which the newly established elderly home can create competitive advantage in the country with multicultural staff members. It highlights the problem faced by the elderly homes and the manner the home can tackle the problem. The multicultural staff members were due to large immigrants in the country and increasing demand for staff by the elderly homes. However, the institute with proper training of the multicultural staff can attain competitive advantage against the competitors. There are around 40 elderly homes and to have sustainability in the industry, the institute need to develop strong competitive position in the industry which can be atta ined through proper facilities in terms of medical, technology and conducive environment in the homes. Apart from that, the price figures for the services should low and competitive. The paper discusses the SWOT analysis of the newly established elderly home and finds out the areas where the institute can develop its competitive advantage against its competitors. Further the steps are mentioned that the institute should take to develop competitive advantage in the industry. References Barney, J. and Hesterly, W. 2012. Strategic management and competitive advantage. Boston: Pearson. Calabrese, A., Costa, R., Menichini, T., Rosati, F. and Sanfelice, G., 2013. Turning Corporate Social Responsibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ driven Opportunities in Competitive Advantages: a Twoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ dimensional Model. Knowledge and Process Management, 20(1), pp.50-58. Countrymeters.info. 2016. Malta population 2016 | Current population of Malta. [online] Available at: https://countrymeters.info/en/Malta [Accessed 23 May 2016]. Genderen, E. 2013. Sustainable Competitive Advantage : Effective Andragogy. MEJB, 8(3), pp.3-6. Guo, Y. and Bai, G., 2014, June. An IOT architecture for home-based elderly healthcare. In International Conference on Management and Engineering (CME 2014) (p. 329). DEStech Publications, Inc. Hollensen, S., 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Hood, D. 2013. Competitive SME. London: Kogan Page. Lapersonne, A. 2013. Managing Multiple Sources of Competitive Advantage in a Complex Competitive Environment. Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies, 5(2), pp.221-251. Lee, J.V., Chuah, Y.D. and Chieng, K.T., 2013. Smart elderly home monitoring system with an android phone. Int. J. Smart Home, 7(3), pp.17-32. Li, J. and Guisinger, S., 2014. 12 Patterns of international competition in service industries: global oligopolistic reaction and national competitive advantages. Coalitions and Competition (Routledge Revivals): The Globalization of Professional Business Services, p.178. Liang, X., Lu, X. and Wang, L., 2012. Outward internationalization of private enterprises in China: The effect of competitive advantages and disadvantages compared to home market rivals. Journal of World Business, 47(1), pp.134-144. Link, A.N., 2015. Competitive Advantages from University Research Parks. The Oxford Handbook of Local Competitiveness, p.337. Marburger, D. 2012. How strong is your firm's competitive advantage?. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Mazur, K. 2013. Isolating mechanisms as sustainability factors of resource-based competitive advantage. Management, 17(2). Mitic, S. and Ognjanov, G. 2013. Competitive advantage and corporate communications. Marketing, 44(4), pp.343-353. Moreno-Fernandez-de-Leceta, A., Gmez, U.A., Lopez-Guede, J.M. and Graa, M., 2015. Real implantation of an expert system for elderly home care. In Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Systems (pp. 668-678). Springer International Publishing. Portet, F., Vacher, M., Golanski, C., Roux, C. and Meillon, B., 2013. Design and evaluation of a smart home voice interface for the elderly: acceptability and objection aspects. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 17(1), pp.127-144. PukelienÄ—, V. and MaksvytienÄ—, I., 2015. Economy scale impact on the enterprise competitive advantages. Engineering Economics, 57(2). Robson, K. 2013. Service-ability. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley. Sigaroudi, A.E., Nayeri, N.D. and Peyrovi, H., 2013. Antecedents of elderly home residency in cognitive healthy elders: a qualitative study. Global journal of health science, 5(2), p.200. Stambaugh, J.E., Zhang, Y. and DeGroot, T., 2013. Labor Mobility and Hypercompetition: Another Challenge to Sustained Competitive Advantages?. Strategic Management Review, 7(1), pp.64-81. Suryadevara, N.K. and Mukhopadhyay, S.C., 2012. Wireless sensor network based home monitoring system for wellness determination of elderly. Sensors Journal, IEEE, 12(6), pp.1965-1972. Suryadevara, N.K., Gaddam, A., Rayudu, R.K. and Mukhopadhyay, S.C., 2012. Wireless sensors network based safe home to care elderly people: behaviour detection. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 186, pp.277-283.

How Customer Relationship Management Affects an Organization

Yukon Jack Essays - Klondike Gold Rush, Jack London, To Build A Fire

Yukon Jack Essays - Klondike Gold Rush, Jack London, To Build A Fire Yukon Jack The short lived life of Jack London is a direct reflection of his literary works major theme, the struggle for survival of strong men driven by primitive emotions. ?To Build A Fire? and White Fang are two of his works that coincide his life experiences and illustrate his literary theme. London was born the illegitimate son of W.H. Chaney and Flora Wellmen in 1876. He never saw his biological father and his mother had little to do with him. Eight months after his birth, his mother married a man named John London. This is where Jack received his name. Even with his new family, that included two step-sisters, Jack still received little time or love from them. ?He claimed to have felt that he was a boy without a boyhood? (Marshall 749). In ?To Build A Fire,? a man is on a journey through the Yukon. He takes this journey alone, and therefore must face all challenges alone. This is much like the childhood of Jack London. London had to accept all challenges and obstacles in his childhood alone, because his family was not there to support him. Both Jack London and the man in ?To Build A Fire? are in control of their own destiny. As it turns out for the man in ?To Build A Fire,? he faces his death because of his solitude. ! London may be implying that if he had someone to guide him through the early stages of life, he might have turned out to be a more fulfilled and successful person. 2 By the age of twenty-three, London had held a numerous variety of jobs. He had been everything from a newsboy to an oyster bed pirate. He even bummed his way through the United States. In 1897, he traveled to Canada to try his luck in the Yukon Territory gold rush. This is the motivation behind his 1906 novel, White Fang. White Fang Centers around the ability of a man, through love and kindness, to tame a savage wolf, and turn it into a loyal domestic animal. This may not be relevant when talking about the relationship between London?s life and the novels theme. What is relevant though, is that the story did take place in the Yukon, a place where London had been during his life. The story contains struggles of man?s survival against nature, maybe London?s own survival against nature. London could also be portraying his survival against life in general. During the same time period, London had evolved a working philosophy from Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, and Friedrich Nietzsche which explained the world of his experiences to his own satisfaction. ?These experiences persuaded him to join the Socialist Labor Party and crusade for worker?s rights? (Kennedy 118). Even though London claimed to be a socialist, he contradicted his belief in socialism with his individualistic notion of the survival of the fittest. In the short story ?To Build A Fire,? London shows us what happens to the weak. The man freezes to death and the dog survives. London maybe using this story to expand on his survival of the fittest belief. In order for a man to survive the potentially blizzard cold temperatures of the Yukon, he must not only be in top physical 3 condition, he must also be equally fit psychologically. The dog in ?To Build A Fire? had both, a physical conditioning and a mental instinct, something London saw in himself. The man in the story experiences regret for not following the advice given to him earlier, but the dog presses on without regret or pity for the man, the same way London treats life. London began writing in early adulthood. He found it was the easiest way for him to make money. His literary apprenticeship was comparatively short. He started by writing for a local newspaper in San Francisco, and before long the entire country took a liking to his work. London had published his first book, The Son of the Wolf, in 1900. Also in 1900, London married his first wife, Bessie Madden. In 1903 he had left her and his daughters to marry Charmian Kittredge. Shortly after their marriage, London had left his second wife. London had always longed for a

Technology Transfer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Technology Transfer - Essay Example Technology transfer or what is commonly known as 'licensing' usually works in the manner that would afford permission to someone who intends to generate further profits and revenues by using the licensed technology and rights and who is willing to share said profits and revenues with the owner. Here, the owner of some rights or the 'licenser' would be the one to give the permission for the exploitation of his- or her own intellectual property creation. This permission or 'license' in its most widely used terminology, is granted to the licensee is given or conferred to someone, who is usually called the 'licensee'. Before the technology is transferred through licensing, it is a standard procedure for the parties to enter into a technology transfer or license agreement. This license agreement is generally codified in a document signed and executed by both parties. The issue of initial entitlement to an intellectual property right arises from the creation of the invention onwards. The party or parties entitled to such ownership of intellectual property may deal with their rights, disposing of them by assignment or allowing third parties to act within the scope of the monopoly, by granting them license to do so. In order to set up a management of successful collaborative research agreement, it is necessary to know the aims and objectives of each party. Industry and universities have varying aims and objectives. It is therefore imperative that all the parties should specify and indicate their precise aims and objectives in connection to the proposed collaboration or partnership and to create an outline or rough draft of the framework which gives rise to them. The parties should attempt to foresee and anticipate what each would like to do with the probable results and outcomes and any related advantages and benefits from the said collaboration or partnership. It is suggested that the parties should undertake to arrive at a compromise or agreement as regards the degree and extent to which some or all of the intellectual property results should remain private and confidential. They should also agree with respect to the issue of who would own any intellectual property generated in the course of the research. Most universities establish their policy or regime on intellectual property by stating therein the philosophy behind its ownership giving emphasis on the institution's objective and purpose in recognizing, cultivating and commercially exploiting scientific discoveries and creations of their faculty member. This is to make clear that the accomplishment and development of research is for the advantage and benefit of the public in general, the university, the inventor or researcher and the research sponsor. As regards the relationship between the university and the faculty member-inventor, the property ownership regime with respect to the research made or the invention lies on the agreement between them. However, it is essential

Issue Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Issue Report - Essay Example Are they really people that the ordinary Joes and Janes can look up to in terms of what is right and wrong? What to believe in and what not to believe in? Jost was accurate in reporting that celebrities have the kind of star power that can move mountains and gain international support for their causes which range from everything from animal rights to using the right kind of shower gel. As he amply put it: More than 2,800 celebrities now support slightly more than 1,800 causes. In a celebrity-obsessed society, entertainers and athletes can help focus public attention on global trouble spots, raise funds for disaster relief or increase public awareness of little-known diseases or medical conditions. (Jost, â€Å"Celebrity Advocacy: Do Stars Influence Issue, Politics?†) Needless to say, these celebrities now have to be more than just pretty faces on camera that can repeat the words written by other people for them like the parrots they were once viewed to be. These days, they have to work hard to be taken seriously in their business and an in-depth knowledge of their advocacy usually strikes that cord. People like George Clooney and Bono have worked very hard in order to prove that they are more than just pretty faces and are capable of influencing world leaders into at least listening to the plight of those whose lives these celebrities feel so concerned about. They have become masters at this new game of publicity for advocacy (Dieter & Kumar, â€Å"The Downside of Celebrity Diplomacy: The Neglected Complexity of Development†). Theirs are now one of the the most important voices when politics and issues are discussed on a national and international level. Celebrities are more than just actors on screen now. They are the people who encourage others to learn more about issues that directly affect them at the moment, or could have a tremendous impact on them in the future (Casey,

Material Culture in Education Essay

Material Culture in Education Essay This study explores the role of material culture in arts and design class at colleges in Singapore. Normally, students in a contemporary graphic design class face many difficulties particularly in interactive creation of arts and design. Basically, this study tends to identify and analyze the advantages of using material culture in a contemporary graphic design class. Furthermore, this paper also attempts to design an effective curriculum that will satisfy the needs of using material culture in a contemporary graphic design class. Concurrently, graphic design schools today face ever-increasing demands in their attempts to guarantee that students are well equipped to enter the workforce and navigate a complex world. Research indicates that material culture can help support learning concerning culture and past histories, and that it is especially useful in developing the higher-order skills of critical thinking, analysis, and scientific inquiry. But the mere presence of material culture in the classroom does not ensure their effective use when it comes in adding validity and substance to graphic design study. This study explores the various ways material culture can be used to improve how and what student learn in the classroom particularly in creative design and arts. Moreover, this paper pointed out the use of material culture as an effective learning tool in studying past history and culture is more likely to take place when embedded in a broader education reform movement that includes improvements in teacher training, curriculum, student assessment, and a schools capacity for change. In this study, the researcher investigated several variables that may influence the development and progress of students in different contemporary graphic design classes at colleges of Singapore. These included perceptions of problem difficulty, creative designing, value of art, and quality of work. The researcher believes that enabling the students to use material culture aided by the procedure in graphic design will result in effective learning and understanding in creative design and provides quality design and art. This research will analyze and investigate the role of material culture and personal perception of the students in Singapore. This shall include a discussion on the positive and negative variables related to material culture and contemporary graphic design, an analysis of performance of the students in school in relation to material culture was also conducted. Particularly, the research will focus on examining the role of material culture in contemporary graphic design provided by the school instructors/administrators. Basically, the results of the study will lead the researcher to the development and devise an effective curriculum in arts and design with respect to material culture in graphic design. Problem Statement This researcher finds the necessity for a study that specifically tackles the effects of material culture in contemporary graphic design at Colleges in Singapore. Specifically, this study intends to explore the significant impact of this material to the Colleges in Singapore that are related in contemporary graphic design. It will present the performance of the students by identifying weaknesses and inefficiencies and recommending solutions. Basically, the problem of this study is about conventional methodology in teaching which used a dry lecturer is really dull and takes a lot of time to finish a modular or syllabus of each topic depending on lecturer capabilities, skills, availability, mood and student indulgent of what their thought. That is not effective for students to get an effective way to learn, there is a need to get a new and effective approach since material culture may now touch the cultural and historical value of a certain art or design. The purpose of using material culture in a contemporary graphic design class is to develop a better learning than conventional method in colleges but through the early resistance, it emphasized their ability to appreciate art and learn it cultural and historical value perform the complex tasks needed in contemporary graphic design. Through material culture student can develop a bond and understanding of ones traditional cultures that motivate visual communication students to create strong cultural identity graphic design. Moreover, this study will try to answer the following queries: Can understanding of ones traditional cultures motivate visual communication students to create strong cultural identity graphic design? Can material culture add validity and substance to graphic design study? Purpose This study seeks to understand fully how students awareness of their traditional cultures might be the factor that motivate them to research and explore their cultures as a graphic design topic. Hypotheses This paper will work on the following hypothesis: Material culture in graphic design class in colleges plays significant effect to the students awareness of their traditional cultures. Material culture in graphic design class in colleges has significant effect to the memory retention of the students when it comes in studying traditional culture. Since it is exciting, challenging and fun to use, then it encourages students to study the material culture again and again. Material culture has significant effect to the learning improvement of the students since it attaches to ones traditional culture. Definition of Key Terms Graphic Design- Graphic Design is the process and art of combining text and graphics and communicating an effective message in the design of logos, graphics, brochures, newsletters, posters, signs, and any other type of visual communication (http://www.geemultimedia.com.au/glossary.asp). Material Culture- Material Culture is a term often used by archaeologists as a non-specific way to refer to the artifacts or other concrete things left by past cultures. An archaeologist thus can be described as a person who studies the material culture of a past society (www.encyclopedia.com). Art- Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way to affect the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music, literature, film, sculpture, and paintings (www.encyclopedia.com). Education- Education encompasses the teaching of specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, good judgment and wisdom. One of the fundamental goals of education is to impart culture across the generations socialization. (www.encyclopedia.com) Knowledge- Knowledge includes, but is not limited to, those descriptions, hypotheses, concepts, theories, principles and procedures which to a reasonable degree of certainty are either true or useful. (www.encyclopedia.com) School-A school is a type of educational institution. The range of institutions covered by the term varies from country to country. (www.encyclopedia.com) Review of Literature World history has witnessed the birth, development, and achievements of the most talented people. These people have their distinct gifts and area of mastery literature, politics, arts, science, and so forth. Still, much of their success can be traced back to the kind of life and personality they had. Childhood experiences, support from people around them, environmental influences and personal motivations often determine how a gifted person makes use of his innate abilities to become an important figure in his chosen field of expertise. The world of arts is one of the most interesting topics of study. This field usually includes some of the most peculiar people who can express their personalities through unique paintings, sculptures, and drawings. Art education is culturally identified as a subject area that enables students to use their imagination and creativity to produce pieces of artwork from a wide variety of materials. This identification may also include the study of famous artists and their well-known artwork (Oliver, 2010). On the other hand, the cultural identity is constructed through various signs and symbols that the culture attribute to art education.   Symbols include art making materials (The Culture of Education in the Visual Arts, 1999). These materials that are attached to ones culture were known as â€Å"material culture†.   Material cultures are becoming known to the teachers in contemporary graphic design because of its motivational effect to their students in studying culture and art. In graphic design class, art symbol with respect to materials are crucial. An example of art education symbols are the variety of medias- both two and three dimensional that are used to illustrate subject matter. In addition to more practical symbols of art education are the humanitarian symbols which may include connecting with artists and their work, both contemporary and historical (The Culture of Education in the Visual Arts, 1999).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The art and crafts around communities, in stores and on posters will always be a symbol of a reflection of art education (The Culture of Education in the Visual Arts, 1999). Another facet of creating a cultural identity is to reflect on the cultural rituals that are often associated with art education. The most apparent rituals include the various processes that are employed to make art.   It is important to remember that such rituals/processes are influenced by the geographical location of the school district (Oliver, 2010). Another cultural ritual attributed to art education is the physical demonstration that the art teacher must provide for students in order to teach them specific techniques. This demonstration often includes safety precautions as rituals that the students will then strictly employ to create art without hurting themselves with the tools in the making (Oliver, 2010). Other ritual distinctive to art education is the practice of critiquing students art work, often done by the whole class in order to provide constructive feedback and criticism of the finished piece of art.  Ã‚   One final ritual that should be imperative to an art education program is class field trips to museums, galleries, and artists studios that connect the learning of art in the school to actually viewing art in the community (The Culture of Education in the Visual Arts, 1999). It is important to connect these cultural rituals and symbols of art education to not only show how they produce a cultural identity, but also form a sense of social solidarity among students, teachers, and communities (Oliver, 2010). The visual arts or the graphic designs are arts that we see. It has its own language-the language of feelings, emotions and ideas without words. We could discover the world outside and inside us through visual arts. The visual artist through unspoken can communicate with us when he creates visual work of arts like painting. Paintings and works of art in general are meant to move us, especially in ways that words often cant. Graphic designs inspired by material culture play a major role not only in academic purposes but also in health and medicare related aspect and in the community as well. It develops the intelligence and the overall personality of the students. Moreover, graphic designs inspired by material culture also provide meaningful self-expression of all students. It is used in therapy procedures for aiding child development. It assists in educating disabled children, especially those who are blind and have hearing problems. And finally, visual arts also help in building communities and mural projects. In studying graphic designs inspired by material culture, it shows that visual arts and cultural identity are related. The cultural identity is constructed through various signs and symbols that the culture attribute to art education.   Methodology This section of the research proposal discusses the methods to be used.   This illustrates the method of research that identifies its applicability. Likewise, the section illustrates how the research was to be implemented and how to come up with relevant findings. Moreover, this methodology part of the research underwent into several stages. In the research design, the researcher collected data from students and teachers in some Colleges in Singapore that are using material culture in their graphic design class. At the time of data collection, the researcher gathered and sum upped the data acquired from these resources. Study Setting In accordance to the goal of this study i.e. to investigate the role of material culture in contemporary graphic design, the researcher decided to conduct the investigation in 10 Colleges in Singapore. Basically, in these 10 chosen schools in Singapore, a random sample of 10 students each will be chosen. The students to be included should be familiar to graphic design and material culture. Research Design Generally speaking, there are two research positions, often call paradigms, which researchers can choose from. The first is the quantitative paradigm in which researcher attempts to understand causal relationship of existing phenomena or attempts to discern the validity of the theory in a particular social context (Creswell, 1994). And since one of the purposes of this study determine the role of material culture in contemporary graphic design, the quantitative research position is taken here because it is appropriate for the research purpose. Aside from this, the second approach, called the qualitative paradigm, is not chosen. Actually, as indicated in the paper of Daymon Holloway (2002), the qualitative design the researcher assumes this position and attempts to understand a particular social phenomenon by using the actors frame of reference. In addition, data are presented not in numerical form but in actual words which is in contrast to the aim of this research. There are few research strategies that often used for conducting research such as survey, case study, action research, Ethnography etc. According to Yin (2003), there are three conditions to be considered for choosing an appropriate research strategy i.e. : The type of research question The extent of control an investigator has over actual behavioural events. The degree of focus on contemporary as opposed to historical events From the paper of Saunders, et al. (2007), survey approach often uses questionnaires to collect a large amount of data from a sizeable population in a highly economical way. Therefore, the survey approach is usually able to apply a more representative sample among a massive population for the study, trying to achieve generalisibility of the results. The case study, however, according to Denscombe (1998), is an investigation that focuses on detailed, in-depth descriptions and analysis of one or a few organisations. This approach is normally use to explore the phenomenon by in-depth data gained in the research context. This implies that the research results gained by case study cannot be generalized to a larger population due to that the investigation range is limited. By considering this limitation of case study approach, the researcher opted to choose the survey method. Population and Sampling Plan The sample size consists of students, who are the logical key informant related closely to the issue under investigation, as well as the teachers numbering to 10 subjects.   There is no reason to believe that 10 teachers is not a large enough sample size because ultimately it is this individual who works directly with the issue and teachers has the most intimate knowledge of the subject. Basically, the survey respondents are asked regarding their perception towards material culture and graphic designing and students performance. In essence, Guilford Fruchter (1973) argued that in choosing sample sizes, the Slovins formula should be considered. Therefore, in selecting the sample size (100 students) in this paper was identified by Slovins formula. The Slovin (1960) formula is given as: Where: e= needed error margin (percent requirement for non-precision due to the use of the sample as an alternative of the population). N= size of population n = size of sample Data Collection Procedures Yin (2004) provides six different sources of data collection that is commonly used in case study methodology, which include documentation, archival records, interviews, direct observation, participant observation and physical artifacts. The data collection method uses survey and interview that is to take place with the students and teachers, as these are the closest people working with the subject under scrutiny here Material culture and should serve as the key informant. In addition, students are also surveyed to understand how they feel about the use of material culture in their graphic design class since the teacher may provide biased information, however accessing the students is subject to the permission of the teacher who acts as the gatekeeper. If surveying the students is possible the survey that students will fill out will be left on the teachers desk where they can fill it out and return it to a drop box in a closed envelope without a name or other identifying information. The questions for the employees are created after a thorough review of literature. For documentation that refers to secondary information about the material culture and graphic designing, such considerations have been taken to reduce concerns as they would otherwise pertain to bias or the reliability and validity of the findings. Relying on documentation are used even if the students do participate since it strengthens the findings further (Yin, 2003). Documentation specifically includes performance reports and records, or books and journal articles discussing material culture and graphic design. Accessing of the teacher is going to take place by first, sending the school an outline of the study and ethical content forms and arrange meeting, through the telephone or MSN given geographical constraints, to explain what it is the research wishes to do and how it will benefit the organization. Ultimately, what the researcher wants to do is discern how training is able to increase students performance and the mechanisms that school in Singapore has in place to assure this. Executing the above step is useful since the gatekeepers are going to want to protect the interests of their students and the organization (Holloway Walker, 1999). Overall, the approach above is based on negotiation, which as researchers note, â€Å"Access is negotiated and re-negotiated throughout the research process† (Gubrium, Holstein, 2001, p. 301). The teacher was also assured that confidentiality by not releasing information that they do not want to be released and anonymity by using pseudonym s for students, participants and settings will be secured (Daymon Holloway, 2002). It is not unreasonable for the teacher to participate in the study given the steps executed above which are suggested by research methodology practitioners. Finally, research questions are based from the literature as is suggested by research methodology practitioners. Data Analysis To determine the perceptions of the student respondents pertaining to material culture and graphic design, the researcher a set of guide questions for the interview and prepared a questionnaire. A non-threatening questionnaire in nature that can be completed within 30 minutes are considered. The respondents graded each statement in the survey-questionnaire using a Likert scale with a five-response scale wherein respondents are given five response choices. The equivalent weights for the answers are: When the entire information consumer responses have been collected, the researcher used statistics to analyse it; and was assisted by the SPSS in coming up with the statistical analysis for this study. For the details gathered from journals, an evaluation was drawn in order to identify the role of material culture to contemporary graphic design. Moreover, this research will utilise the several statistics in order to determine the differences between their perceptions towards the impact of material culture on students performance and art appreciation. As stated above, the researcher was aided by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) in the making and creation of the statistical analysis for this study. SPSS is one of the mainly and extensively accessible and potent statistical software packages that has a extensive range of statistical practices, which permits a researcher to sum up information (e.g. calculate standard deviations and means), identify whether there are major differences between groups (e.g., ANOVA t-tests), observe relationships among variables (e.g. multiple regression correlation) and graph output (e.g. line graphs, bar charts, pie chart, etc.) (Sauders, Lewis Thornhill 2007).   Concluding Remarks Significance This study will be a significant endeavour in promoting culture awareness among graphic design students. This study will be beneficial to future leaders. By understanding the needs of the students and the benefits of quality education, these practitioners will be assured of a larger progress performance. Moreover, this research will provide recommendations on how to value students as they are taking a large part in the overall performance of the school quality education. This study would also be of help to those school and market scientists who are interested in finding out the social implications of the boom and the bust phases of the school industry. Moreover, educators can gain from this study, as they find the connection between how they have designed their curriculum and what are the actual needs of the citizens.   In that way, they would be able to make immediate changes, if necessary, or continued improvement of their programs, through further studies. Furthermore, it is hoped that this study would help the students to improve learning and appreciation skill through Material culture in Art and Design at colleges in Singapore because Material culture has many advantages/effectiveness such as retention and motivational factors in accordance to the leaning behavior of student. Thus, student can go deeply into each topic areas they need to learn without lecturer involvement because material culture is related to the history of the arts they are perceiving. Moreover, this paper introduced important changes in our educational system and gives a huge influence to the way we communicate information with students. It would make them as an active participant in their own learning process, instead of just being passive learners of the educational content.   Apparently, this research also hoped can provides an opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the factors that impact on the students experiences of material culture in learning pr ocess. Finally, this study would benefit future researchers in the field of the, education, arts and design management, business and the social sciences since it depicts the future of the school industry and its varying effects to many sectors of society. Limitations This study will only cover material culture as part of studying contemporary graphic design in arts and design for the college students in some colleges in Singapore. Basically, this paper will only cover students selected from semester 1, conducted from some colleges in Singapore. As there are numerous issues surrounding the school, this research will primarily examine program development and performance progress. The outcome of this study will be limited only to the data gathered from books and journals and from the primary data gathered from the result of the questionnaire survey and interview that will be conducted by the researcher. As the research was completed in a relatively short period of time other factors and variables are not considered. This might have an impact on the results of the study.   Basically this research study will enable the researcher to design a quality curriculum that will satisfy the needs of the students. References: (1999). The Culture of Education in the Visual Arts. Retrieved March 24, 2010, from www.orgsites.com Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Daymon, C. Holloway, I. (2002). Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications. Routledge. Denscombe, M. (1998), The Good Research Guide, Buckingham, Open University Press. Guilford, J.P. Fruchter B. (1973). Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, 5th Edition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Holloway, I. Walker, J. (1999). Getting a PhD in health and social care. Wiley. Oliver, S. (2010). The Importance of Visual Arts in Schools. A Free Article. Retrieved March 24, 2010, from www.afreearticle.com Sauders M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A.(2007). Research method for business students, FT Prentice Hall, Harlow. Yin, R.K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Method (2nd ed), Sage, Thousand Oaks.